Berliner Tageszeitung - Key moments in Carlos Ghosn saga

In the latest twist, France has issued an international arrest warrant for Ghosn over suspect payments worth more than 15 million euros ($16.3 million) between the Renault-Nissan alliance and Renault's dealer in Oman.

Here is a rundown of events:

- November 2018: Ghosn arrested -

Ghosn and his aide, Greg Kelly, are arrested in Tokyo on November 19, on suspicion of financial misconduct on November 19.

They are accused of devising a scheme to under-report the salary of Ghosn, then Nissan boss and head of an alliance between Renault, Nissan and Mitsubishi Motors.

The pair deny wrongdoing. Ghosn is swiftly removed from his role at all three firms in a stunning fall from grace for one of the world's best-known businessmen.

In December, Ghosn is arrested again on allegations that he transferred losses from personal financial investments to Nissan.

His detention -- in conditions far removed from his flashy lifestyle -- is extended.

- 2019: Bail, US charges -

Ghosn is granted bail before being arrested again in April in a dawn raid on his Tokyo apartment, on suspicion of having siphoned money for personal ends from cash transferred by Nissan to a dealership in Oman.

He receives bail again but is banned from leaving Japan and is required to obtain court permission to see his wife.

In September, Nissan CEO Hiroto Saikawa resigns amid allegations that he also padded his salary. He denies wrongdoing but apologises.

That same month, Ghosn and Nissan are accused by US securities regulators of hiding more than $140 million in Ghosn's expected retirement income from investors.

- December 2019: Ghosn escapes -

While awaiting trial on four financial misconduct charges, Ghosn makes a break for it on December 29 and flees Japan -- smuggled in an audio-equipment case onto a private jet.

Ghosn, who holds French, Lebanese and Brazilian passports, lands in Beirut, which has no extradition treaty with Japan.

A week later, Ghosn says Nissan colluded with prosecutors to have him arrested because he wanted to deepen the Japanese firm's alliance with Renault.

He says he fled because he did not believe he would get a fair trial.

- 2020: Kelly trial begins -

Two men accused of helping Ghosn escape -- a former US special forces member and his son -- are arrested in the United States in May and are later extradited to Japan.

In September, a lengthy trial against Kelly begins in Tokyo on a single charge of under-reporting Ghosn's compensation.

Kelly denies wrongdoing while Nissan, on trial as a firm on the same charge, pleads guilty.

- 2021: Escape accomplices jailed -

French investigators interrogate Ghosn in Lebanon in May but he is heard as a witness. For a formal indictment to happen, he would have had to be present in France.

In July, Michael and Peter Taylor, the father-son duo who helped Ghosn escape, are jailed for between 20 months and two years, after apologising at previous hearings.

Meanwhile, Turkey jails three pilots and an employee of a small private airline who helped smuggle Ghosn to Lebanon via Istanbul.

- 2022: Kelly sentenced -

In March, Japan hands Kelly a six-month jail sentence, suspended for three years, and Nissan is ordered to pay a fine of 200 million yen ($1.6 million, 1.4 million euros).

Prosecutors had sought two years in prison for Kelly and appeal against the ruling. The verdict means Kelly, who is American, can leave Japan for the first time in three years.

On April 21, France issues an international arrest warrant for Ghosn.

Prosecutors in the Paris suburb of Nanterre say the warrant relates to suspect payments worth more than 15 million euros between the Renault-Nissan alliance and Renault's dealer in Oman, Suhail Bahwan Automobiles (SBA).

Four more arrest warrants are issued for SBA's "current or former bosses".

M. Taylor--BTZ